Overview
In this assignment, you will use prior knowledge to explain data related to a crime and identify factors that increase the likelihood of being a victim of that crime.
Prompt
In Module Two, you analyzed how people, businesses, and corporations become victims. You focused on the differences between types of victims, and explored risk factors that increase the likelihood of victimization. You will now apply this knowledge to victims of specific crimes: rape and sexual assault, cybercrime, or human trafficking. This application of knowledge will help you prepare for the submission of Project Two in Module Seven.
- First, review the Project Two Guidelines and Rubric document.
- Next, choose one of the following crimes, which will be your focus in both this assignment and Project Two, and review the data for that crime:
- Rape and sexual assault data (Click Full Report under the Criminal Victimization, year)
- Cybercrime data (Click IC3 Annual Report for last year)
- Human trafficking data
- Then, in 100 to 150 words, explain the data and provide any background information regarding the crime.
- Last, in 250 to 350 words, identify risk factors that increase the likelihood of being a victim of the crime you selected.
Specifically, the following rubric criteria must be addressed:
- Explain the data you analyzed.
- Identify risk factors that increase the likelihood of being a victim of the crime you selected.
What to Submit
This assignment should be 350 to 500 words in length. Any references must be cited in APA style. See the Shapiro Library APA Style Guide for more information on citations.
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Home | Crime Type | Violent Crime | Rape and Sexual Assault
Rape And Sexual Assault
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About this Topic Publications & Products
Terms & Definitions
About this Topic
The Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS) has initiated two projects to identify, develop and test the best methods for collecting self-report data on rape and sexual assault. In June 2011, BJS charged an expert panel from the National Research Council's Committee on National Statistics (CNSTAT) to examine conceptual and methodological issues surrounding survey statistics on rape and sexual assault and to recommend to BJS the best methods for obtaining such statistics on an ongoing basis. In September 2011, BJS made a competitive award to Westat, Inc. to develop and test two different survey designs for collecting self-report data on rape and sexual assault. One design is to be an optimal design identified by the CNSTAT panel and the other will be similar to designs used in the public health approach for measuring rape and sexual assault. Estimates from these two designs will be compared to data from the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS). Please see BJS Activities on Measuring Rape and Sexual Assault for more information on these projects.
Rape – Forced sexual intercourse including both psychological coercion as well as physical force. Forced sexual intercourse means penetration by the offender(s). Includes attempted rapes, male as well as female victims, and both heterosexual and same sex rape. Attempted rape includes verbal threats of rape.
Sexual assault – A wide range of victimizations, separate from rape or attempted rape. These crimes include attacks or attempted attacks generally involving unwanted sexual contact between victim and offender. Sexual assaults may or may not involve force and include such things as grabbing or fondling. It also includes verbal threats.
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Publications & Products
Criminal Victimization, 2019 This report is the 47th in a series that began in 1973. It provides official estimates of criminal victimizations reported and not reported to police from BJS's National Crime Victimization Survey. Press Release (30K) | Summary (PDF 197K) | Full report (PDF 1.4K) | Data tables (Zip format 78K)
Part of the Criminal Victimization Series
Criminal Victimization, 2018 This report is the 46th in a series that began in 1973. It provides official estimates of criminal victimizations reported and not reported to police from BJS's National Crime Victimization Survey. Press Release (199K) | Summary (PDF 480K) | Full report (PDF 730K) | Data tables (Zip format 49K) | Supplemental Tables (PDF 100K)
Part of the Criminal Victimization Series
Criminal Victimization, 2016: Revised Provides revised official estimates, which replace previously released 2016 estimates that did not permit year-to-year-comparisons. Press Release (297K) | Summary (PDF 208K) | Full Report (PDF 478K) | Data Tables (Zip format 28K)
Part of the Criminal Victimization Series
Criminal Victimization, 2015 Presents national rates and levels of criminal victimization in 2015 and annual change from 2014. Press Release | Summary (PDF 203K) | Full report (PDF 818K) | ASCII file (47K) | Comma-delimited format (CSV) (Zip format 13K)
Part of the Criminal Victimization Series
Criminal Victimization, 2014 Presents 2014 estimates of rates and levels of criminal victimization in the United States. Press Release | Full report (PDF 745KB) | ASCII file (42KB) | Comma Separated Values (CSV) (Zip format)
Part of the Criminal Victimization Series
Rape and Sexual Assault Among College-age Females, 1995-2013 Compares the characteristics of rape and sexual assault victimization against females ages 18 to 24 who are enrolled and not enrolled in college. Press Release | Full report (PDF 535K) | ASCII file (53K) | Comma-delimited format (csv) (Zip format)
Intimate Partner Violence: Attributes of Victimization, 1993–2011 Presents data on trends in nonfatal intimate partner violence among U.S. households from 1993 to 2011. Intimate partner violence includes rape, sexual assault, robbery, aggravated assault, and simple assault by a current or former spouse, boyfriend, or girlfriend. Press Release | Full report (PDF 1M) | ASCII file (33K) | Comma-delimited format (CSV) (Zip format 25K)
Part of the Intimate Partner Violence Series
Female Victims of Sexual Violence, 1994-2010 Presents trends in the rate of completed or attempted rape or sexual assault against females from 1995 to 2010. Press Release | Full report (PDF 1.4M) | ASCII file (34K) | Comma-delimited format (CSV) (Zip format 26K)
Female Victims of Sexual Violence, 1994-2010 OVER 60 PERCENT DECLINE IN SEXUAL VIOLENCE AGAINST FEMALES FROM 1995 TO 2010 Press Release
Victimizations Not Reported to the Police, 2006-2010 NEARLY 3.4 MILLION VIOLENT CRIMES PER YEAR WENT UNREPORTED TO POLICE FROM 2006 TO 2010 Press Release
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Terms & Definitions
Rape Forced sexual intercourse including both psychological coercion and physical force. Forced sexual intercourse means vaginal, anal, or oral penetration by the offender(s). This category also includes incidents where the penetration is from a foreign object, such as a bottle. Includes attempted rape, male and female victims, and both heterosexual and same sex rape. Attempted rape includes verbal threats of rape.
Sexual assault
A wide range of victimizations, separate from rape or attempted rape. These crimes include attacks or attempted attacks generally involving unwanted sexual contact between victim and offender. Sexual assaults may or may not involve force and include such things as grabbing or fondling. Sexual assault also includes verbal threats.
Violence, crimes of
Rape, sexual assault, personal robbery, or assault. This category includes both attempted and completed crimes. It does not include purse snatching and pocket picking. Murder is not measured by the National Crime Victimization Survey because of an inability to question the victim.
Completed violence – The sum of all completed rapes, sexual assaults, robberies, and assaults. See individual crime types for definitions of completed crimes.
Attempted/threatened violence – The unsuccessful attempt of rape, sexual assault, personal robbery, or assault. Includes attempted attacks or sexual assaults by means of verbal threats. See individual crime types for definitions of attempted crimes.
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Human Tra)cking Facts
Vulnerabilities Tra-ckers Control Survivors
Who is vulnerable? Human tra-cking can happen to anyone but some people are more vulnerable than others. Signi<cant risk factors include recent migration or relocation, substance use, mental health
concerns, involvement with the child welfare system and being a runaway or homeless youth. Often, tra-ckers identify and leverage their victims’ vulnerabilities in order to create dependency.
LEARN MORE
Locations of human tra/cking situations in the United States in 2020.
Additional Information
Child Sex Trafficking In complex and frightening times, it’s natural that the world seems like a more dangerous place for our children than ever before. Understanding the realities of child sex tra-cking will help you to not only keep your own children safe, but to become an effective advocate for the safety of all children and families in your community.
LEARN MORE
Human Trafficking Rumors Your social media feed <lls up with terrifying stories of children being snatched off the streets by tra-ckers, packaged in shipping crates or auctioned off online and sold to the highest bidder. Sometimes these stories are spread by well-meaning people who are truly concerned. Other times, they are being put forward by organizations and individuals with other agendas.
LEARN MORE
#SaveTheChildren Questions and Answers Beginning in the summer of 2020, complex child sex tra-cking schemes began circulating online and igniting the use of #SaveTheChildren. The barrage of misinformation, hashtags and online chatter has left many people who care deeply about this issue confused about what to believe, and how to help.
LEARN MORE
Human Tra)cking Myths
Myth
Human trafficking is always or usually a violent crime.
LEARN MORE
Reality
The most pervasive myth about human tra-cking is that it often involves kidnapping or
physically forcing someone into a situation. In reality, most tra-ckers use psychological
means such as, tricking, defrauding, manipulating or threatening victims into
providing commercial sex or exploitative labor.
Myth
All human trafficking involves sex.
LEARN MORE
Reality
Human tra-cking is the use of force, fraud or coercion to get another person to provide labor or commercial sex. Worldwide, experts believe
there are more situations of labor tra-cking than of sex tra-cking, but there is much wider awareness of sex tra-cking in the U.S. than of
labor tra-cking.
Myth
Traffickers target victims they don’t know.
LEARN MORE
Reality
Many survivors have been tra-cked by romantic partners, including spouses, and by family
members, including parents.
Myth
Only undocumented foreign nationals get trafficked in the
United States.
LEARN MORE
Reality
Polaris has worked on thousands of cases of tra-cking involving foreign national survivors
who are legally living and/or working in the United States. These include survivors of both
sex and labor tra-cking.
Myth
Only women and girls can be victims and survivors of sex
trafficking.
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Reality
Men and boys are also victimized by sex tra-ckers. LGBTQ boys and young men are seen as particularly vulnerable to tra-cking.
Myth
Human trafficking only happens in illegal or underground
industries.
LEARN MORE
Reality
Human tra-cking cases have been reported and prosecuted in industries including
restaurants, cleaning services, construction, factories and more.
Myth
Human trafficking involves moving, traveling or
transporting a person across state or national borders.
LEARN MORE
Reality
Human tra-cking is often confused with human smuggling, which involves illegal border
crossings. In fact, the crime of human tra-cking does not require any movement whatsoever.
Survivors can be recruited and tra-cked in their own home towns, even their own homes.
Myth
If the trafficked person consented to be in their initial
situation, then it cannot be human trafficking or against
their will because they “knew better.”
LEARN MORE
Reality
Initial consent to commercial sex or a labor setting prior to acts of force, fraud, or coercion
(or if the victim is a minor in a sex tra-cking situation) is not relevant to the crime, nor is
payment.
Myth
People being trafficked are physically unable to leave their
situations/locked in/held against their will.
LEARN MORE
Reality
That is sometimes the case. More often, however, people in tra-cking situations stay for reasons that are more complicated. Some lack
the basic necessities to physically get out – such as transportation or a safe place to live.
Some are afraid for their safety. Some have been so effectively manipulated that they do not
identify at that point as being under the control of another person.
Myth
Labor trafficking is only or primarily a problem in developing countries.
LEARN MORE
Reality
Labor tra-cking occurs in the United States and in other developed countries but is reported at
lower rates than sex tra-cking.
Myth
All commercial sex is human trafficking.
LEARN MORE
Reality
All commercial sex involving a minor is legally considered human tra-cking. Commercial sex
involving an adult is human tra-cking if the person providing commercial sex is doing so against his or her will as a result of force, fraud
or coercion.
Myth
People in active trafficking situations always want help
getting out.
LEARN MORE
Reality
Every tra-cking situation is unique and self- identi<cation as a tra-cking victim or survivor
happens along a continuum. Fear, isolation, guilt, shame, misplaced loyalty and expert
manipulation are among the many factors that may keep a person from seeking help or
identifying as a victim even if they are, in fact, being actively tra-cked.
Statistics
In 2021, 10,359 situations of human tra-cking were reported to the U.S. National Human Tra-cking Hotline involving 16,554 individual victims. Shocking as these numbers are, they are likely only a fraction
of the actual problem.
2021 STATISTICS
HUMAN TRAFFICKING TRAINING
Compassionate, committed individuals and communities like yours are the most powerful resource there
is to prevent and reduce human trafficking. But to leverage your power, you need the best possible
information. Take our free introductory course, Human Trafficking 101, to learn what human trafficking
really is, how it happens, and how you can be part of the solution.
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